Descartes - 1226 Words

The next stage in the system, as outlined in the Meditations, seeks to establish that God exists. In his writings, Descartes made use of three principal arguments. The first (at least in the order of presentation in the Meditations) is a causal argument. While its fullest statement is in Meditation III, it is also found in the Discourse (Part IV) and in the Principles (Part I  §Ã‚ § 17–18). The argument begins by examining the thoughts contained in the mind, distinguishing between the formal reality of an idea and its objective reality. The formal reality of any thing is just its actual existence and the degree of its perfection; the formal reality of an idea is thus its actual existence and degree of perfection as a mode of mind. The†¦show more content†¦These first two arguments for the existence of God play a central role in the validation of reason, as discussed below. But after reason has been validated on theological grounds, Descartes presents in Meditation V a version of the ontological argument (see God, arguments for the existence of  §Ã‚ §2–3). After reflecting on the basis of geometric reasoning, the fact that ‘everything which I clearly and distinctly perceive to belong to that thing really does belong to it’, Descartes concludes that this applies to the idea of God as well. Hence he concludes that ‘it is quite evident that existence can no more be separated from the essence of God than the fact that its three angles equal to two right angles can be separated from the essence of a triangle, or than the idea of a mountain can be separated from the idea of a valley’. Though apparently circular in so far as its validity seems to depend on the prior arguments for the existence of God, it is not; Descartes’ point is that ‘even if it turned out that not everything on which I have meditated in these past days is true, I ought still to regard the existence of God as having at least the same level of certainty as I have hitherto attributed to the truths of mathematics’. As with the other two arguments, Descartes’ ontological argument is also found in the Discourse (Part IV) and in the Principles (PartShow MoreRelatedDescartes Vs. Descartes Philosophy1142 Words   |  5 Pages Rene Descartes’ begins to illustrate his skeptical argument as presented in Meditation l. Descartes basic strategy to approaching this method of doubt is to defeat skepticism. This argument begins by doubting the truth of everything, from evidence of the senses to the fundamental process of reasoning. Therefore, if there is any truth in the world that overcomes the skeptical challenge then it must be indubitably true. Thus, creating a perfect foundation for knowledge. The first Meditation is anRead MoreHitchcock/Descartes924 Words   |  4 PagesHitchcock/Descartes Am I really awake typing a paper for philosophy? Did I just watch the Hitchcock film Shadow of a Doubt or did the â€Å"not so supremely good God† plant a reel of thoughts in my head (Descartes16)? That would be ironic since the themes of the film are based upon human understanding of doubt, dreams, good, evil, ignorance and knowledge. The film portrays a neat staircase that leads into the house of an all American family and a rickety set of stairs off the side of the house thatRead MoreAnalysis Of Rene Descartes s The Descartes 2020 Words   |  9 PagesRene Descartes was a French mathematician who concurred with Plato and the early scholars about the significance of reason. Nonetheless, he found that his antecedents regularly settled their thoughts upon what he took to be a to some degree temperamental and dubious establishment. In this way, he starts his own venture by perceiving that all that he supposes he knows could be the consequence of sense involvement, which can mislead us, as when we think the street is wet when it is just a trap of lightRead MoreDescartes Epistemology1696 Words   |  7 PagesEpistemology ------------------------------------------------- Carefully explain Descartes’ cogito and his attempt to build his knowledge structure from the ground up. (Be as succinct as possible.) Does Descartes succeed or fail in that attempt? Justify your answer in full. Descartes’ Epistemology This essay attempts to explain Descartes’ epistemology of his knowledge, his â€Å"Cogito, Ergo Sum† concept (found in the Meditations), and why he used it [the cogito concept] as a foundation when buildingRead More Descartes Essay1269 Words   |  6 Pages In the early 17th century a philosopher named Descartes, questioned his existence. His life was dedicated to the founding of a philosophical and mathematical system in which all sciences were logical. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Descartes was born in 1596 in Touraine, France. His education consisted of attendance to a Jesuit school of La Fleche. He studied a liberal arts program that emphasized philosophy, the humanities, science, and math. He then went on to the University of Poitiers whereRead MoreEssay on Descartes1128 Words   |  5 Pages Rene Descartes was one of the most influential thinkers in the history of the philosophy. Born in 1596, he lived to become a great mathematician, scientist, and philosopher. In fact, he became one of the central intellectual figures of the sixteen hundreds. He is believed by some to be the father of modern philosophy, although he was hampered by living in a time when other prominent scientists, such as Galileo, were persecuted for their discoveries and beliefs. Although this probably had an impactRead MoreDescartes vs. Locke1175 Words   |  5 PagesPhilosophy Essay (Descartes vs. Locke) Socrates once said, â€Å"As for me, all I know is that I know nothing.† Several philosophers contradicted Socrates’ outlook and believed that true knowledge was in fact attainable. This epistemological view however had several stances to it, as philosophers held different beliefs in regards to the derivation of true knowledge. Rationalists believed that the mind was the source of true knowledge, while in Empiricism, true knowledge derived from the senses. ReneRead MoreEssay on Renà © Descartes759 Words   |  4 PagesRenà © Descartes Renà © Descartes was a French philosopher and also mathematician. His method of doubt led him to the famous cogito ergo sum when translated means I am thinking, therefore I exist. This cogito was the foundation for Descartes quest for certain knowledge. He explored doubt and how we can prove our own existence, by taking the first steps of scepticism. His book Meditations On First Philosophy, was written in six parts. EachRead MoreObjections to Descartes’ Interactionism1431 Words   |  6 Pages In the following essay I will be offering some objections to Descartes’ interactionism as is primarily represented in his works The Passions of the Soul, Part I and Correspondence with Princess Elisabeth, Concerning the Union of Mind and Body. I will start by describing the basic features of how Descartes’ notion of interactionism works. Namely, that the pineal gland is the â€Å"principle seat† of the mind because it is the only singular part of the brain. The pineal gland also has a range ofRead More Rene Descartes Essay1094 Words   |  5 PagesRene Descartes was a famous French mathematician, scientist and philosopher. He was arguably the first major philosopher in the modern era to make a serious effort to defeat skepticism. His views about knowledge and certainty, as well as his views about the relationship between mind and body have been very influential over the last three centuries. Descartes was born at La Haye (now called Descartes), and educated at the Jesuit College of La Flà ¨che between 1606 and 1614. Descartes later claimed

Drug Dependency Essay - 1313 Words

What is dependency? The dictionary definition of dependency is â€Å"The state of relying on or being controlled by someone or something else.† Meaning that drug dependency is when a person relies on a drug to function normally. The same may happen with alcohol. Recent research has shown that drug and alcohol dependency has been steadily increasing. Most theorize that it is the result of stress and peer pressure. However, there have been many ideas concocted to help those addicted handle their situation. For as long as people can remember, human beings have always used drugs and consumed alcohol. From the Indians huddling around a fire and smoking the peace pipe, to the Irish drinking whiskey to their heart’s content, drugs and alcohol have†¦show more content†¦In society today there are many things that can cause stress. From one’s job to their children and even just driving to work. Todays society demands everything to be quick and efficient putting la rge amounts of stress on any normal human being. Poverty may also play a major role in the sudden increase in alcohol and drug dependency. With today’s economy spiraling downwards and men and women being laid off. They may look for something to relieve the stress of their life and turn to substance abuse. Also, instead of being laid off, one’s work itself can cause enormous amounts of stress. For example, if one was a lawyer the stress of a certain case maybe immense. One could be the sole reason a man or woman goes to jail for the rest of his or her life. That much stress could drive anyone to start abusing drugs and or alcohol. The amount of stress that society puts on people today is suspected to be one of the leading causes for this increase in drug and alcohol abuse. The abuse of these substances has steadily increased as our economy declined. Meaning that the harder the times are getting and more difficult it is to make money, more and more people are turning towards drugs to help relieve them of that stress and to comfort them. Adolescence and teenagers are the largest majority of drugShow MoreRelatedDrug Dependency And Drug Related Crime6861 Words   |  28 PagesExecutive Summary Efforts to decrease drug dependency and drug-related crime in the United States have had the opposite effect, introducing increasing levels of crime and drug use within its population. The war on drugs has been lost as more drugs continue to be smuggled across the borders, increasing number of people are using drugs illegally, and violence in the streets continues to climb. A number of arguments have been made in favor of legalizing some less harmful drugs, such as marijuana, as a meansRead MoreDrug Cartel s Economic Dependency On U.s.1964 Words   |  8 Pagesblood oozing out of a rogue head that had been rolled across the alleyway. Taste. The irony tar like saliva laced with blood as you wait for the masked man to steal all sense from your body (Beith n. pag.). With the increasing influence of Mexican drug cartels, all impoverished citizens become subject to violent hate crimes against the government. The government s lack of control over their people, criminal justice system, an d economics demonstrates the instability plaguing Mexican borders. TheRead MoreHow Social Inequalities Affect A Person? S Experience Of Drug And Alcohol Dependency And Their Potential For Recovery1928 Words   |  8 PagesThe aim of this essay is to look at how social inequalities affect a person`s experience of drug and alcohol dependency and their potential for recovery or successful treatment. Due to social inequality people are ostracised from society, these individuals who are stigmatised and suffer discrimination are often the poor as opposed to the hierarchy who have better opportunities in life. Social Inequality refers to the way individuals in society are labelled regarding their status. This could be theirRead MoreCVS STRUCTURE2170 Words   |  9 Pagesstay the nation’s premier integrated pharmacy services provider. One example of CSV growing and changing is adding a new feature to their mobile app. CVS adder a new drug interaction checker as part of its top-rate d CVS Mobile app. This is an industry first. This feature allows customers to quickly and easily check for potential drug interactions by comparing over-the-counter (OTC) products with their prescriptions and other OTCs on their smartphones. CVS would fall under a dynamic environment. EnvironmentalRead MoreFreedom of Drugs â€Å"We have found grassy solitude right here on the riverfront – our own meadow,700 Words   |  3 PagesFreedom of Drugs â€Å"We have found grassy solitude right here on the riverfront – our own meadow, boxed in by concrete. It’s small, but on psychedelics your interpretation is everything. Everything looks pixelated, glowing red and blue with whispers of green. If this were a television, the reception would be clear. The level of detail is overwhelming. From the smallest patch of grass I can take in the whole of human civilization, the planet, the whole damn universe (Grapples par. 3,2)† ThroughoutRead MoreThe Drawbacks Of Anabolic Steroids1384 Words   |  6 Pagesissues have arisen like health problems relating to these drugs have stirred studies like that â€Å"Eighty-three percent of steroid users in a study had a low pumping capacity that was linked to increased risk of heart failure and sudden cardiac death†(Science Daily). More studies have concluded that some â€Å"Common side effects of steroids are mood swings, manic behavior, insomnia, irritability, and lack of good judgement†(Psychcentral). These drugs have been abused by many people and should remain illegalRead MoreNutritious Lunches : Nutritious Meals1375 Words   |  6 Pagesmandated drug tests for the participants. According to Metsch Pollack (2007) â€Å"Approximately 20% of TANF recipients report having used an illicit drug at least once in the past year.† Also, â€Å"Substance abuse is associated with increased duration of TANF receipt.† Participants who are enroll ed in any public assistance programs should not be able to proceed if they are using illicit drugs. Using illicit drugs while receiving benefits should not be allowed. If participants are using drugs they willRead MoreWhen Treatment Becomes Addiction By Faith Kaltenbach Essay868 Words   |  4 Pageson Digg Share this article on Reddit Share this article on Pinterest Expert Author Faith Kaltenbach Those addicted to prescription medications may be prescribed another medication to help overcome dependency. Suboxone is one such medication that can be beneficial for those who are attempting to lead a drug free life. Many are not aware that Suboxone is a narcotic and can be habit forming as well. Addiction to this medication is gradual and many do not recognize a problem until it is too late. AddictionRead MoreModels in the Substance Abuse Field 1206 Words   |  5 Pagesdeportment or motor function,† (DSM-IV, 4th edition) whether it is legal or illegal. Substance abuse refers to the utilization of a drug or other substances for non-medical purposes with the aim of engendering a mind-altering effect in the utilizer (MOH, 2005). It involves the utilization of illegal substances such as cannabis, misuse of licit drugs or utilization of a drug or substances for purposes other than that prescription (MOH, 2005; Rehm Eschmann, 2002). Substance abuse is one of the expeditiousRead MoreEssay about Correlation Between Drug Use and Suicide717 Words   |  3 PagesCorrelation Between Drug Use and Suicide   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Americas on-going drug abuse epidemic continues into this millenium, and there are many social problems linked to drug use, including suicide. The disparity of daily life in suburbs or the inner cities are why many people have fallen into their reliance on drugs, including alcohol. Patros and Shamoo (1989) describe the abuse of drugs and alcohol as a slow form of suicide. But many drug abusers choose to end their life before drugs have time to claim

Achievements and Challenges of Innovation †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Achievements and Challenges of Innovation. Answer: Introduction The aim of this report is to analyze on the structure of dairy industry in Australia and the stages of production to distribution of dairy products to the consumers. Australias dairy industry has continued to be one of the most vital agricultural industries that generates near about $13 billion across the supply chain (Regulations 2013). This industry employs for more than 39000 people and hence improves the employment level in the nation. Australias dairy sector enhance in contribution to overall income and growth of this nation (Zhao et al. 2012). Globally, the dairy sector in Australia ranks fourth in terms of trade volumes and exports for over 40% of nations milk production. In this study, intermediate market structure involved in manufacture and distribution of dairy products is also highlighted in this paper. Furthermore, market structure implication in this industry is also assessed in this study. The report also elucidates on the present strategy adopted by Inglenook dairy fa rm and focuses on their opportunities or threats to their long run profits. The recommendation on amendment of Inglenooks current strategy for long run profit is also analyzed in this report. It has been noted from recent study that there has been substantial change in structure of Australias dairy industry for over the last 20 years. Reforms have occurred in size as well as product mix of this nations dairy farms in this industry. In addition , mergers as well as takeover have attributed in its structural adjustments, which in turn resulted in higher ownership concentration in this industry. Moreover, huge reform in product mix of this industry has also taken place over the past few years. Australian Dairy Farmers (ADF) is a huge network that supports the dairy industry of this nation. They offer support to this industry through additional research or information for helping the farms in achieving their mission. The stages involved in the production of dairy products from raw milk and marketed to final consumers in this nation involves: Collecting raw milk- The dairy farms in this nation uses antibiotics in order to control bacterial infections in cows. However, this helps the farms in attaining good quality of raw milk. Storing milk- The milk is then stored in hygienic container at 4 degree centigrade and then is tested for fat content. Standardization- This process involves filtration and separation of fat from milk. Pasteurization as well as homogenization- In this process, heating of milk is done at temperature of 72 degree centigrade and is then kept for at least 15 seconds. The heat used in this process helps in killing microorganisms or harmful bacteria. Chilling the pasteurized milk- This stage involves chilling the milk at 4 degree centigrade. This treatment is necessary in order to kill microorganisms that have not been destroyed. Packaging- The packaging of milk is done through laminated pouch, tin cans and plastic containers in order to store the product for longer period. Storing- The dairy farms stores the product at 4-7 degree centigrade by using chemical inputs namely sanitizing agents before distribution. Marketing activities- The dairy farms promotes the product by advertising it in traditional mediums that includes television, radio or other social media. Intermediate market structure involved in production and distribution of dairy products Oligopoly market structure is basically involved in manufacture and distribution of dairy products. In this type of market structure, fewer numbers of entities has huge majority of share in the market. The industry in this nation has fewer farms and has huge interdependence among them. In addition, the dairy farms in these industry manufacturers slightly homogeneous or differentiated products for attaining competitive advantage. Each farm focuses on the action of its competitors before setting the price of dairy product (Nettle et al. 2013). Non-price competition prevails in this type of intermediate market structure as the price of the dairy product is influenced by the farms. As few farms exist in this type of market structure, new entrants faces huge competition in terms of product pricing and quality. In addition, the behavior of the dairy farms changes according to the prevailing market condition (Wilson 2013). The kinked demand curve model helps in illustrating the farms behavi or in production and distribution of products, which is shown below: The above figure shows that at P, if the leader farm increases the price of dairy product, the customers purchases the product from other dairy farms existing in the market. As a result, the leading farm loses its market share value that in turn reflects elastic demand curve. Hence, it can be assumed that the leader farm incurs huge loss by increasing the product price but this benefits other farms as their profitability level increases due to this pricing strategy (Nettle et al. 2012). This framework also explains that if the leader farms does not achieve any incentive for lowering its product price, then its price set will be rigid for long time period. It has been noted from recent cases that pricing arrangements and advancement of new technology helps the farms in increasing productivity and gain competitive advantage in oligopoly market structure. The competitive environment prevailing within this dairy industry is slightly concentrated. Additionally, some leading players (farms) operate in this market and the action taken by this leading farm is followed by other farms. Hence, the competition within the farms becomes fierce as the dominant farm influences the pricing strategy of other farms. Alternatively, barriers in entry is relatively weak for new entrants those who are selling products in the local market. The oligopolistic market form in the dairy farms of Australia has high implications for market power distribution in this industry basically over the product pricing strategy and profit accumulation at various stages of production chain. As leading farms affects the pricing strategy of small farms, price leadership exists in this intermediate market structure (Kilelu et al. 2013). This means that if one farm lowers the price of the dairy products, smaller farms tries to follows it by declining their product prices in order to attract more customers and retain existing ones. On the other hand, if one dairy farm increases the price of products, other farms do not stick to this price or follow it. Therefore, the pricing strategy of the leading farm affects the profitability level of other farms and this leads to decline in value of market share. Market power refers to the ability of the firm in increasing the price of the commodity above the competitive price level. It has been opined by Klerkx and Nettle (2013), assessment of market power involves modeling as well as evaluating the difference between prevailing market price and marginal output cost. Oligopoly market structure has huge implication for market power distribution in this industry. As less number of farms dominates in this market structure, the leader farm has the ability in raising the price above the equilibrium level. Hence, the leader farm in Australias dairy industry has market power and is illustrated as price makers as they establishes price of the dairy product without relinquishing its share in the market. The current strategy of Inglenook dairy farm reflects that they adopt vertical integration method for processing milk and in the activities that are involved with the distribution of products to the consumers. The present strategy of this farm involves product differentiation according to the wants and preferences of consumers. Along with this strategy, this farm strategizes to implement new technology in order to enhance their productivity level. In addition, this farm makes revision on its set price by focusing on the present market conditions, target customers and its competitors (Eastwood et al. 2012). They also try to innovate new product by updating on their technique used for production. Moreover, in order to attain good brand value, they keep on changing their marketing strategy that includes advertising platforms. The farm also focuses on packaging and distributing the product in order to attract more customers and gain competitive advantage. The present strategy also aids i n controlling huge share in the market and attain huge profitability level for longer period (Gourley et al. 2012). Hence, implementation of this strategy improves Inglenooks financial performance and its position in the global market. Adoption of proper strategy helps the firm in expanding their business and improves their business growth. Inglenooks dairy farm highlights high potential in business growth owing to adoption of proper strategy that includes, technological advancement, marketing strategy etc. In addition, extension of new channels for customers increases their product demand in domestic as well as in international market (Douphrate et al. 2013). This in turn influences the producers abilities and offers huge opportunities in expanding their business in the global market. The current strategy of this farm adds value in some key areas that includes- Introduction of value added products leads to huge presence as well as flexibility in market and provides opportunities in the building brand value. Innovation of new products improves their reputation in the marketplace. It further opens up huge opportunities for exports. It also helps in building strong relation with other nations. Competitors of Inglenook farms are their main potential threat that influences their product quality and pricing. Other potential threat of Inglenook includes- Complexity as well as indirect cost associated with milk procurement is the main point that their competitors focuses on and this act as potential threat. Increase in procurement price often squeezes profit margins of processors Huge cost incurred by dairy processors streamline their business operations. Moreover, Australian government also plays crucial role in the dairy industry of this nation. Changes in new policies and tax influence the business growth of this dairy farm. Therefore, competitors as well as government of Australia affect their long run profit. Additionally, low investment in the dairy sector and improper development plan in business adversely affects the farms performance during a specific time period. Inglenook dairy should focus on the value creation principle in every segment of the production chain in order to achieve success and attain highest position in this industry (Crawford et al. 2012). There are few suggestions on the amendment of Inglenook current strategy that will aid them in maximizing profit in the long run. As stakeholders play an important role in business decision making , Inglenook must consult with their stakeholders before launching their product in the marketplace. This will help them in achieving new ideas in promoting the product. As there is huge volatility in milk prices, Inglenook must adopt risk management system in order to avoid risk that comes in the way of business process and helps them in facing difficult market situations. Development in agriculture has been dynamic that is associated with farm structure, product prices and consumers perceptions (Dahl et al. 2013). Therefore, it is recommended that Inglenook must amend on their current strategy by monitoring and evaluating each product from the customer perspectives and improvise it accordingly. This farm must also evaluate dairy programs before implementing any business strategy in order to create target beneficiaries. This will facilitate this farm in enhancing returns from investment in the dairy development. Conclusion From the above report, it can be concluded that the manufacturers must focus on the intermediate market structure before producing any dairy product. As oligopolistic competition exists in Australias dairy industry, leader dairy farms dominate the smaller farms in terms of pricing, quality and other marketing strategy. The Inglenook dairy farm that has been highlighted in this case study adopts different business strategies for attaining competitive advantage and higher profitability level in longer time period. Reference Crawford, A., Nettle, R., Paine, M. and Kabore, C., 2012. Farms and learning partnerships in farming systems projects: a response to the challenges of complexity in agricultural innovation.Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension,13(3), pp.191-207. Dahl, A., Leith, R. and Gray, E., 2013. Productivity in the broadacre and dairy industries.Agricultural commodities,3(1), p.200. Douphrate, D.I., Hagevoort, G.R., Nonnenmann, M.W., Lunner Kolstrup, C., Reynolds, S.J., Jakob, M. and Kinsel, M., 2013. The dairy industry: a brief description of production practices, trends, and farm characteristics around the world.Journal of agromedicine,18(3), pp.187-197. Eastwood, C.R., Chapman, D.F. and Paine, M.S., 2012. Networks of practice for co-construction of agricultural decision support systems: case studies of precision dairy farms in Australia.Agricultural Systems,108, pp.10-18. Gourley, C.J., Dougherty, W.J., Weaver, D.M., Aarons, S.R., Awty, I.M., Gibson, D.M., Hannah, M.C., Smith, A.P. and Peverill, K.I., 2012. Farm-scale nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulfur balances and use efficiencies on Australian dairy farms.Animal Production Science,52(10), pp.929-944. Kilelu, C.W., Klerkx, L. and Leeuwis, C., 2013. Unravelling the role of innovation platforms in supporting co-evolution of innovation: Contributions and tensions in a smallholder dairy development programme.Agricultural systems,118, pp.65-77. Klerkx, L. and Nettle, R., 2013. Achievements and challenges of innovation co-production support initiatives in the Australian and Dutch dairy sectors: a comparative study.Food Policy,40, pp.74-89. Nettle, R., Brightling, P. and Hope, A., 2013. How programme teams progress agricultural innovation in the Australian dairy industry.The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension,19(3), pp.271-290. Nettle, R., Paine, M. and Penry, J., 2012. Aligning farm decision making and genetic information systems to improve animal production: methodology and findings from the Australian dairy industry.Animal Production Science,50(6), pp.429-434. Regulations, P., 2013. Australian Dairy Industry. Wilson, N., 2013. The Dairy-Business Plan. Zhao, S., Sheng, Y. and Gray, E.M., 2012. Measuring productivity of the Australian broadacre and dairy industries: concepts, methodology, and data.Productivity Growth in Agriculture: An International Perspective, pp.73-108.

What are the qualities of a good ruler Hal and Hotspur in Henry IV Part 1 Essay Example

What are the qualities of a good ruler: Hal and Hotspur in Henry IV Part 1 Paper Everyone has a different vision of what makes a good ruler, but to me it is a person who is strong, brave, cunning and ruthless, but knows when to be merciful. These qualities can be seen in Hal Hotspur throughout the play, but which one would be the best next ruler of England? Hal is first portrayed as an irresponsible little boy who does not realise the importance of his position. Yet in his soliloquy he reveals his cunning and his true nature, in the fact that he, Yet herein will I imitate the sun. He is using his friends to make his revelation look even better, So when this loose behaviour I throw of, and pay the debt I never promised. Once he has reformed and it at his fathers side he becomes a very ruthless character, in fact as soon as he gets the order from his farther that he must join the battle he leaves his past behaviour behind and becomes a very serious character, But sirrah, theres no room for faith, truth, nor honesty in this bosom of thine, he dismisses Falstaff with no-nonsense and gives him his orders to set out and gather an army for the on coming battle. We will write a custom essay sample on What are the qualities of a good ruler: Hal and Hotspur in Henry IV Part 1 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on What are the qualities of a good ruler: Hal and Hotspur in Henry IV Part 1 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on What are the qualities of a good ruler: Hal and Hotspur in Henry IV Part 1 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Hals further seriousness is shown when he is on his way to the battle and meets up with Falstaff, he then goes on to insult his so called army, I did never see such pitiful rascals. Hal does seem to be very eager to get to his fathers side to fight off the rebellion and he urges Falstaff to do the same, But sirrah make haste, Percy is already in the field. Hal displays his bravery and nobility once at the battlefield when he offers to fight Hotspur himself in order to stop the lives that will be lost in the battle, And will, to save the blood on either side, try fortune with him in a single fight. This is in fact an extremely brave or perhaps fatally stupid act from Hal as Hotspur is regarded as one of the best swordsmen in England and could face down many opponents. Hal though, does know when to be a merciful person and does recognise the fact that sometimes people are just following orders, this is shown at the end of the battle when he allows Douglas to be free, Go to the Douglas, and deliver him up to his pleasure, ransom less and free. His valour shown upon our crests today. This is also a good political move, as releasing one of their Earls would make relations a lot better.al Hotspur is a very serious person and doesnt believe in anything that he cant see with his own eyes, O then the earth shook to see the heavens on fire, and not of your nativity. He does not believe in the fact that when Glendower was born the earth shook and the heavens were on fire and that he was born to be a great leader and this would allow him and the rebels to defeat the king. He dismiss this fact and puts it down to other more earthly occurrences. Hotspur is a arrogant man and feels like he is far superior to Hal, I will embrace him with a soldier arm, that he shall shrink under my courtesy, but he does have a good reason to be arrogant towards Hal, as he still knows Hal as the irresponsible little boy who just fools around with his friends. He is obviously a extremely brave valiant and great fighter in the fact that he defeated the Scottish, but he is very rash and disobedient to the king and others, I will not send them. I will after straight and tell him so, for I will ease my heart. A lot of these qualities with the fact that he rebelled against the king of England would seem to suggest that he is a evil man, but really he is not as it was his uncle Worcester who convince him to start the rebellion and is the one who later on hides from him the possible chance of peace given by the king, O no, my nephew must not know, Sir Richard, the liberal and kind offer of the king. This of course leads to his death in the battle. All this is done in the name of honour. Hotspur is so easily tricked into fighting because of his constant strive for honour, everything he does is in the name of honour. He is very much a mans man and will not show any sign of weakness, this is his weakness and the downfall of him. Both Hal and Hotspur would make good kings, but Hotspurs rashness and constant honour drive, would make him a dangerous king of England and could lead to the destruction of all that is England. Whereas Hal would be a perfect candidate for the English crown and as history shows he goes on to become one of the greatest kings of England.

Nomophobia Essay Example

Nomophobia Essay As technology is always on a growing fast track, it is hard for employers and employees to stray away from the dependency of cell phones. Industry week reported from their studies that since employers are requiring employees to have a separate mobile device for work, it is hard to keep personal and professional life from overlapping with each other . Since conference, for example, are on the rise for companies as a form of communication, it allows flexibility in a work schedule and is important in the development in enterprise (The dilemma of the ultra-connected 2008). As many ambitious people in the corporate world are constantly on the go with their busy schedules, it is more convenient to bring along a small handheld device rather than a desktop. Shell Holt (2012) found that it is hard to prevent the use of phones during work since the growth of technology is rapidly expanding and offices that are now using smart phones have become more efficient. Many Gene-Y workers eave even favored their employers more if the technology used for work were current and up to date. From the same study, a small percentage of the Gene-Y also said that they wouldnt leave their Job if it had the latest mobile devices. Gender Observing the comparisons of genders in the United States, one would think that women would be more dominant in using their cell phone. There are most certainly differences in how females and males keep in contact with people whether it is strangers, acquaintances, friends, or families. We will write a custom essay sample on Nomophobia specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Nomophobia specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Nomophobia specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Studies show that depending on the gender, there are certain situations people would be more willing to use their mobile phones. According to Baron and Campbell (2012), males are more open to the idea of using their smart phone for testing and talking in various environments such as public places with friends, alone surrounded by strangers, or in the comfort of their own homes with family at dinner. They are also more likely to use testing over talking on their cellular device as a means of communication. Even though women find it more important to pick up the phone to call and talk to people than to text, testing is just as significant for females when speaking through the phone takes longer than it really needs to be (Baron ; Campbell 2012). This same study discovered that women dominated in using their cell phone to avoid strangers or an acquaintance as men used it more to evade people that they knew. Females were also found to be complaining more about being dependent and having others reach them on their mobile phone. In another study, Take, Dashiki, and Catamaran (2009) reported in his findings that females were more prone to develop symptoms of monophonic. In contrast to Baron and Campbell, Take et al found that males were more likely to make calls. His pool of participants were mostly males at different university locations all of which use a cellular device on a regular basis. Take and Baron believe that females might be influenced by ethnically or cultural backgrounds more so than how gender influences how people use their smart phone.

Northern Rock Bank

Northern Rock Bank Introduction Northern Rock is a bank operating under the umbrella of Virgin Money in the United Kingdom. It was established in 1965 and 30 years down the line, it had acquired approximately 53 building societies in England.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Northern Rock Bank specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Over the years this bank was being considered as one of the top lenders in the UK, especially in relation to mortgages. Prior to 2007, Northern rock had an investment plan which was to result in securitization. This according to Milne Wood involved â€Å"borrowing heavily in the UK and international money markets, extending mortgages to customers based on this funding and then re-selling these mortgages on international capital markets† (518). This, however, failed in 2007, when, owing to the global financial crisis, the demand for credit facilities from investors went down and Northern Rock was unable to pay back the credit it had obtained from the money markets. Lender of last resort This is a facility that allows banks to survive a financial crisis. It is mostly offered by the central bank. When Northern Rock was faced with the liquidity crisis in 2007, it looked up to the Bank of England for emergency support but this was not possible since it could not provide the facility. Many scholars, including Vesala (2006), Herring (2007), and Shin (2009) blame the situation in Northern Rock to the inability of the Bank of England to act promptly indicating that had it performed its role as a lender of last resort, the bank run would have been avoided. In fact, Shin indicates that â€Å"in its role as a lender of last resort, the Bank of England had been able to exert significant moral suasion over the banking sector, and the discount office was able to obtain information from banks on a purely informal basis† (2009,p.103).Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Other scholars believe that the Bank of England failed to act because Northern Bank had not provided it with sufficient information concerning its discount facilities. They also argue that the management of Northern Rock failed to heed to liquidity warnings and this acted as a hindrance when they needed assistance. These claims are, however, refuted by Freixas et al (2009). He asserts that a central bank is expected to perform its role irrespective of the actions of the other party (151). He states that â€Å"even when the central bank does not have the formal statutory responsibility for banking supervision, it can still obtain the information it needs to act as lender of last resort† (2009,p.152). Kane (2008) believes that the Northern rock issues exposed the faults in the government with regard to dealing with financial crisis. These faults include â€Å"the workings of e mergency liquidity assistance, some others the workings of deposit insurance and some others the insolvency and pre-insolvency arrangements† (2008, p.50). All these boil down to the functions of the Central bank as a lender of last resort. Financial crises in banks are one of the greatest challenges in most economies, since failure of banks spells out a failure in the entire economy. Liquidity lending is therefore considered to be an important factor since it is usually the solution to most banks going through a crisis. Some of the instruments available to governments dealing with financial crises include â€Å"the central bank’s role as a lender of last resort, deposit insurance schemes, government’s policies to shield depositors’ insolvency laws, among other preventive measures† (FSA internal Audit division, 2008, p. 39). Despite all the other actions, the lender of last resort factor is the most effective since it provides the banks with the cred it facilities to continue with their operations promptly. Prior to the crisis, Northern Rock was a successful institution though not influential to the point of thinking its failure would affect the economy in any way. This issue however attracted the attention of many financial analysts since it brought out the weaknesses of the Bank of England in dealing with crises faced by the banks.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Northern Rock Bank specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Due to this exposure, the government made a commitment to offer the required liquidity, and this worked since the bank run in Northern Rock stopped instantly. House of Commons (2008) therefore made a conclusion from this issue that the run would have been avoided all together, if all parties had been playing their roles effectively. This can, however, not be blamed on the Bank of England since it had not dealt with such an issue in the recent pa st. The activities in relation to acting as a lender of last resort were rarely carried out, hence the policies were outdated. This explains why the situation caught all relevant bodies including Northern Rock itself by surprise (House of Commons, 2008, p. 23). Northern rock and the FSA In the view of financial analysts, the crisis that hit Northern Rock in 2007 was predictable and some even argue that the crisis was not related to the activities of Northern bank per se. It is believed that the Financial Services Authority (FSA) played a major role in this. An article by Bank of England (2007) made an observation that FSA had given Northern Rock warnings concerning â€Å"the evolving trends in the market which included; sharp asset growth, systemic underpricing of risk, and the risk shifting characteristics of new financial instruments which would not be as water tight as they appeared to be† (2007,p. 2). FSA also indicated that the strategies being used by Northern Rock were unstable since they were depending on large scale market funding; hence, placing the institution in a risky liquidity position. Besides this, FSA had also made an observation in the government’s regulatory system which it claims had a number of loopholes that exposed the financial institutions to issues similar to those of Northern Rock. These, according to FSA (2008) included â€Å"a fundamental flaw in the depository protection scheme, lack of established special bankruptcy regime for banks, lack of predictable resolution regime for handling troubled banks and the existence of an institutional structure of financial supervision that separated responsibility for systemic stability and lender of last resort from prudential supervision of individual banks† (FSA, 2008, p. 33).Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Owing to the financial stability that had been witnessed in the region over the years, these observations seemed not to be having any ground, until the real risk was witnessed in Northern Rock, and this acted as a wakeup call to FSA. At the beginning of 2007, FSA considered Northern Rock as one of the best performing financial institutions in the UK. What it failed to realize at that time were the mortgage risks that it was exposed to owing to the fact that the institution dealt mostly with international investors. This risk was brought about by the financial crisis that was being witnessed all over the world during that period. Observations made later on indicated that â€Å"by mid-September, it had become apparent to Northern Rock that longer term funding markets were closed to it. Rollovers were largely continuing but at shorter and shorter maturities and Northern Rock lacked the option to draw on sufficient prearranged contingency liquidity lines of credit and did not benefit f rom a third party injection of capital† (FSA, 2008,p. 34). Due to this, FSA made an endorsement indicating that the Bank of England was deemed to provide liquidity facilities to all the banks that needed this kind of support in the UK, including Northern Rock. This crisis mainly focused on three institutions, the Bank of England, the treasury and FSA, owing to their joint responsibility of ensuring stability in the financial sector. FSA is blamed for permitting Northern Rock to raise its dividends irrespective of the already messed up financial position. An article by FSA Internal Audit Division (2008) supports these allegations by indicating that, â€Å"in in their own internal audits of the experience and compilation of the lessons learned from the Northern Rock failure contained a broad list of problems within FSA which included lack of rigor in the analyses conducted and failure to devote insufficient resources to monitoring what are regarded as high impact situationsâ₠¬  (Audit Division, 2008, p. 42). This report indicates that the major issues that led to this failure included organizational shortfalls, lack of sufficient skills in the supervisors, and poor methods of supervision, especially in large institutions operating at international levels. From the discussion, it is clear that FSA was in a position to save Northern Rock from the downfall, had it acted on the early signs. In fact, financial researchers such as Milne Wood (2008), Shin (2009) and Herring (2007) indicated that FSA devoted little time to the process of checking the level of stress tolerance in Northern Rock, hence ignoring many factors that eventually worked against the institution. Shin (2009) specifically points out that â€Å"insufficient attention was given to the banks challenging governance programs and risk mitigation processes† (2009, p.110). Herring (2007) concurrently indicates that â€Å"FSA not only ignored numerous early warning signs of troubles with N orthern Rock, but also ignored a breach of required minimum capital standards early in 2007† (p.10). Besides these, it was also noted that the bank failed to inform its stakeholders of this failure, and FSA was aware of this, but failed to take action. From this, a conclusion can be drawn that despite the fact that Northern Rock was responsible for its own peril, FSA also played a major role of not intervening where it would have been and also assuming the warning signs that were so loud and clear. Failure of prudential supervision In any financial setup, there are four aspects that need to be considered to come up with a stable financial system. The Bank of England (2007) indicates that â€Å"the first aspect is prudential regulation of financial firms, second is systemic stability, third is the lender of last resort role and finally the conduct of business regulation and supervision† (Bank of England,2007,p. 6). The issue in question especially in relation to the Nort hern Rock problem is the institution responsible for prudential supervision, whether it is the bank of Europe, the treasury or FSA. Irrespective of the institution responsible, this type of supervision is mandatory in financial institutions, failure to which results in cases such as what was experienced in Northern Rock (Freixas et al, 2007, p. 12). This conflict on the question of supervision mandate led the government to redefine the roles of the institutions in the financial sector. As a result of this, it was realized that supervision lies with FSA. The crisis in 2007 created the need to develop an official set of organizations and practices for assisting in the recovery of failing banks. This led to the officiating of a memorandum of understanding between the three bodies, that is, treasury, FSA and the Bank of Europe. A report by FSA internal audit division (2008) indicated that there were five basic standards that came with this agreement and these were â€Å"the existence o f a clear division of responsibilities, appropriate accountability arrangements, the avoidance of duplication of responsibilities, exchange of relevant information and mechanisms for crisis management† (2008,p.50). The causes behind the problem of Northern rock are interrelated to the extent that it is difficult to tell exactly what the main cause of this issue was. However, it was realized that prudential supervision of the banking institution was being conducted in a poor way and this is therefore deemed to be the greatest contributor to the whole problem. According to the Bank of England (2007) â€Å"this institution had been a pioneer in risk based supervision; focusing attention where it is most important† (2007, p. 8). This credit was however withdrawn after the Northern Rock crisis which revealed the poor laid supervision strategies. Many financial analysts believe that FSA was in a position to foresee this situation, long before it occurred. From this, it is evi dent that the Northern Rock crisis depicted a high level of failure in the prudential supervision of banking institutions. These failures according to FSA (2008) include â€Å"reliance upon seriously deficient accounting and capital adequacy standards; failure to monitor institutions in a timely, effective, and on-going fashion; failure to intervene appropriately when problems were identified; and promoting the welfare of the regulated institutions and the regulatory agency rather than the insurance fund or the taxpayer† (FSA, 2008, p.43). In fact, hearings in the House of Commons – a committee responsible for establishing the cause of the problems surrounding Northern Rock, indicated that FSA failed to perform effectively. House of Commons alleged that this was by way of â€Å"failing to monitor the institution and allowing Northern Rock to increase its dividends despite its troubled financial position† (2008, p.23). The supervisory evaluations of Northern Rock conducted by FSA did not put much emphasis on liquidity issues. Conclusion From the above discussion of the issues surrounding the Northern Rock problems, it is evident that these problems could have been avoided if all the parties concerned, that is, Northern Rock bank itself, the Bank of Europe and FSA were responsible for the actions that were taken before 2007. Northern Bank was responsible for the crisis in the sense that it did not perform a long term analysis of its actions. In its operations, it failed to consider the possibility of liquidity risks in the financial market. Bank of Europe was responsible in the sense that it did not act promptly as a lender of last resort in providing the credit requested by Northern Bank when it started experiencing the liquidity challenges. References Bank of England 2007, Financial Stability Report. Web. Freixas, X, Giannini, C, Hoggarth, G Soussa, F 2009, ‘Lender of last  Resort: a review of the literature’, Financial Sta bility Review, Vol. 7, pp. 151–167. FSA (2008) ‘The supervision of Northern Rock: a lessons learned review’, Internal Audit, pp. 32 43 FSA Internal Audit Division 2008, ‘The Supervision of Northern Rock’ A Lessons Learned Review, pp. 37 56 Herring, R 2007, ‘Resolution Strategies: Challenges Posed by Systemically Important Banks’, lecture at Regional Seminar on Financial Crisis Management, pp. 5 16 House of Commons 2008, ‘The run on the Rock’, Treasury Committee, Vol. 1, pp. 23 Kane, E 2008, ‘Regulation and supervision: an ethical perspective’, Principles v Rules in Financial Regulation, Vol. 2 no. 5, pp. 48 56 Milne, A Wood, G 2008, ‘Banking Crisis Solutions: Old and New’, Review (Federal Reserve Bank of St Louis), Vol. 1 no. 2, pp. 517–530. Shin, H 2009 ‘Reflections on Northern Rock: The Bank Run that Heralded the Global Financial Crisis’, Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 23, No. 1, pp. 101–119 Vesala, J 2006, ‘Which Model for Prudential Supervision in the EU’ Monetary Policy and Financial Market Stability, Vol. 10, No. 1, pp.99-105.

Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 4

Communication - Essay Example Here, the authors provide detailed information about how effectively communication can be used in strengthening a healthier interpersonal communication. I would like to concur with the argument that effective interpersonal communication is a very important skill which everyone should possess. As they explain, it can be of a great benefit in determining how conducive an environment is. In conclusion, Steven and Susan are very accurate in the manner they discuss about communication. The whole chapter is equipped with viable information which can be of great importance when understanding exactly what communication is. As the authors emphasize, it is crucial for everyone to have listening skills. In fact, this is the most fundamental skill which everyone should have. Once they can learn to listen to one another, it will be much possible for them to understand one another and be able to speak in one voice as they strive to accomplish a common